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I’ve compiled a list of essential Vim commands that I use every day. I have then given a few instructions on how to make Vim as great as it should be, because it’s painful without configuration.

Essentials

Sublime Text 3 Keyboard Shortcuts by tdeyle - Cheatography.com Created Date: 1933Z. Sublime Text 3 cheat sheet of all shortcuts and commands.

SUBLIME TEXT 3 CHEAT SHEET 4 months ago SK. Sublime Text 3 is the latest version of one of the most commonly used plain text editors by web developers, coders, and programmers. There are some shortcuts, You might know about them.
Sublime Text Cheat Sheet for development, editing, testing, deployment for Ruby on Rails. +1 (212) 520-1413 +91.9004 210 210; icicle.tech; hello@icicletech.com.

Cursor movement (Normal/Visual Mode)

hjkl - Arrow keys
w / b - Next/previous word
W / B - Next/previous word (space seperated)
e / ge - Next/previous end of word
0 / $ - Start/End of line
^ - First non-blank character of line (same as 0w)

Sublime Text 3 Cheat Sheet Pdf

Editing text

i / a - Start insert mode at/after cursor
I / A - Start insert mode at the beginning/end of the line
o / O - Add blank line below/above current line
Esc or Ctrl+[ - Exit insert mode
d - Delete
dd - Delete line
c - Delete, then start insert mode
cc - Delete line, then start insert mode

Operators

Operators also work in Visual Mode
d - Deletes from the cursor to the movement location
c - Deletes from the cursor to the movement location, then starts insert mode
y - Copy from the cursor to the movement location
> - Indent one level
< - Unindent one level
You can also combine operators with motions. Ex: d$ deletes from the cursor to the end of the line.

Marking text (visual mode)

v - Start visual mode
V - Start linewise visual mode
Ctrl+v - Start visual block mode
Esc or Ctrl+[ - Exit visual mode

Clipboard

yy - Yank (copy) a line
p - Paste after cursor
P - Paste before cursor
dd - Delete (cut) a line
x - Delete (cut) current character
X - Delete (cut) previous character
d / c - By default, these copy the deleted text

Exiting

:w - Write (save) the file, but don’t quit
:wq - Write (save) and quit
:q - Quit (fails if anything has changed)
:q! - Quit and throw away changes

Search/Replace

/pattern - Search for pattern
?pattern - Search backward for pattern
n - Repeat search in same direction
N - Repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g - Replace all old with new throughout file (gn is better though)
:%s/old/new/gc - Replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

General

u - Undo
Ctrl+r - Redo

Advanced

Cursor movement

Ctrl+d - Move down half a page
Ctrl+u - Move up half a page
} - Go forward by paragraph (the next blank line)
{ - Go backward by paragraph (the next blank line)
gg - Go to the top of the page
G - Go the bottom of the page
: [num] [enter] - Go to that line in the document
ctrl+e / ctrl+y - Scroll down/up one line

Character search

f [char] - Move forward to the given char
F [char] - Move backward to the given char
t [char] - Move forward to before the given char
T [char] - Move backward to before the given char
; / , - Repeat search forwards/backwards

Editing text

J - Join line below to the current one
r [char] - Replace a single character with the specified char (does not use Insert mode)

Visual mode

O - Move to other corner of block
o - Move to other end of marked area

File Tabs

:e filename - Edit a file
:tabe - Make a new tab
gt - Go to the next tab
gT - Go to the previous tab
:vsp - Vertically split windows
ctrl+ws - Split windows horizontally
ctrl+wv - Split windows vertically
ctrl+ww - Switch between windows
ctrl+wq - Quit a window

Marks

Marks allow you to jump to designated points in your code.
m{a-z} - Set mark {a-z} at cursor position
A capital mark {A-Z} sets a global mark and will work between files
'{a-z} - Move the cursor to the start of the line where the mark was set
' - Go back to the previous jump location

Text Objects

Say you have def (arg1, arg2, arg3), where your cursor is somewhere in the middle of the parenthesis.
di( deletes everything between the parenthesis. That says “change everything inside the nearest parenthesis”. Without text objects, you would need to do T(dt).

General

. - Repeat last command
Ctrl+r + 0 in insert mode inserts the last yanked text (or in command mode)
gv - reselect (select last selected block of text, from visual mode)
% - jumps between matching () or {}

Vim is quite unpleasant out of the box. It’s an arcane experience:

Autocomplete is missing
System clipboard is not used
Act of typing :w to save is cumbersome
Mouse doesn’t work
Management of multiple files is tricky
Ability to indent multiple lines is missing

It does have a significant strength though: your fingers can stay on the main keyboard keys to do most editing actions. This is faster and more ergonomic. I find that the toughest part about VIM is guiding people towards getting the benefits of VIM without the drawbacks. Here are two ideas on how to go about this.

Switch caps lock and escape

I highly recommend you switch the mapping of your caps lock and escape keys. You’ll love it, promise! Switching the two keys is platform dependent.

Visual Studio Code

VSCode is the simplest way to give you a fantastic editor that also gives you the benefits of VIM. Just install the VIM extension.
I made a few slight changes which improved the experience for me.

Configure native VIM

For all the given limitations, you’ll need to find a solution. You can either solve the issues one by one, or you can use a reference .vimrc settings file that fix most of the issues out-of-the-box.

My .vimrc file could be a good starting point. Honestly, it’s a bit old and not the best. I now use VSCode mainly so I haven’t kept a great vimrc.

Using the system clipboard

'+y copy a selection to the system clipboard
'+p paste from the system clipboard
If this doesn’t work, it’s probably because Vim was not built with the system clipboard option. To check, run vim --version and see if +clipboard exists. If it says -clipboard, you will not be able to copy from outside of Vim.
- For Mac users, homebrew install Vim with the clipboard option. Install homebrew and then run brew install vim.
  - then move the old Vim binary: $ mv /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/vimold
  - restart your terminal and you should see vim --version now with +clipboard

Sublime Text

Another option is to use Vintageous in Sublime Text (version 3). This gives you Vim mode inside Sublime. I suggest this (or a similar setup with the Atom editor) if you aren’t a Vim master. Check out Advanced Vim if you are.
Vintageous is great, but I suggest you change a few settings to make it better.
- Clone this repository to ~/.config/sublime-text-3/Packages/Vintageous, or similar. Then check out the “custom” branch.
  - Alternatively, you can get a more updated Vintageous version by cloning the official repository and then copying over this patch.
- Change the user settings (User/Preferences.sublime-settings) to include:
  - 'caret_style': 'solid'
  - This will make the cursor not blink, like in Vim.
  - Sublime Text might freeze when you do this. It’s a bug; just restart Sublime Text after changing the file.
- ctrl+r in Vim means “redo”. But there is a handy Ctrl + R shortcut in Sublime Text that gives an “outline” of a file. I remapped it to alt+r by putting this in the User keymap
  - { 'keys': ['alt+r'], 'command': 'show_overlay', 'args': {'overlay': 'goto', 'text': '@'} },
- Mac users: you will not have the ability to hold down a navigation key (like holding j to go down). To fix this, run the commands specified here: https://gist.github.com/kconragan/2510186
Now you should be able to restart sublime and have a great Vim environment! Sweet Dude.

Other

I don’t personally use these yet, but I’ve heard other people do!

:wqa - Write and quit all open tabs (thanks Brian Zick)

Additional resources

Practical Vim is a fantastic resource on many of the useful hidden features of vim.

A cheat sheet about regular expressions in Sublime Text.

expression	Description
`.`	Match any character
`^`	Match line begin
`$`	Match line end
`*`	Match previous RE 0 or more times greedily
`*?`	Match previous RE 0 or more times non-greedily
`+`	Match previous RE 1 or more times greedily
`+?`	Match previous RE 1 or more times non-greedily
`?`	Match previous RE 0 or 1 time greedily
`??`	Match previous RE 0 or 1 time non-greedily
`A\|B`	Match either RE A or B
`{m}`	Match previous RE exactly m times
`{m,n}`	Match previous RE m to n times greedily
`{m, n}?`	Match previous RE m to n times, no-greedily

expression	Description
`[abc]`	Match either `a`, `b` or `c`
`[^abc]`	Match any character not in this set (i.e., not `a`, `b` and `c`)
`[a-z]`	Match the range from `a` to `z`
`[a-f2-8]`	Match the range from `a` to `z` or the range from `2` to `8`
`[a-z]`	Match `a`, `-` or `z`
`[a-]`	Match `a`, `-`
`[-a]`	Match `-`, `a`
`[-a]`	Match `-`, `a`
`[{}*\|()[]+^$.?]`	Match either one of the chacters in `[]{}*\|()+^$?.`

Note that you can also use character class inside [], for example, [w] matches any character in word character class.

“Multiple character” character class

An expression of the form [[:name:]] matches the named character class name.

class name	Description
`alnum`	Any alpha-numeric character
`alpha`	Any alphabetic character.
`digit`	Any decimal digit.
`xdigit`	Any hexadecimal digit character.
`lower`	Any lower case character.
`upper`	Any upper case character.
`cntrl`	Any control character¹.
`print`	Any printable character.
`punct`	Any punctuation character. ²
`space`	Any whitespace character. ³
`word`	Any word character (alphanumeric characters plus the underscore).

Note: To use upper and lower, you have to enable case sensitve search.

“Single character” character class

Sublime Cheat Sheet Pdf

class name	Description
`d`	Equal to `[[:digit:]]`
`l`	Equal to `[[:lower:]]`
`u`	Equal to `[[:upper:]]`
`s`	Equal to `[[:space:]]`
`w`	Equal to `[[:word:]]`
`D`	Equal to `[^[:digit:]]`
`L`	Equal to `[^[:lower:]]`
`U`	Equal to `[^[:upper:]]`
`W`	Equal to `[^[:word:]]`

Defining capture groups

expression	Description
`(?<NAME>pattern)`	Define a regex group named `NAME` which you can later refer to with `g{NAME}`
`(?=pattern)`	Positive lookahead, consumes zero characters, the preceding RE only matches if this matches
`(?!pattern)`	Negative lookahead, consumes zero characters, the preceding RE only matches if this does not match
`(?<=pattern)`	Positive lookbehind, consumes zero characters, the following RE will only match if preceded with this fixed length RE.
`(?<!pattern)`	Negative lookbehind, consumes zero characters, the following RE will only match if not preceded with this fixed length RE.

Refering to matching groups (capture groups)

expression	Description
`1`	Refer to first regex group
`g{1}`	Refer to first regex group
`g{12}`	Refer to 12th regex group
`g{-1}`	Refer to last regex group
`g{-2}`	Refer to last but one regex group

The regex groups are indexed by the order of their opening braces.
Note the g{NUM} form allows for matching regex group index larger than 9, for example, g{12}.

Escapes

Sublime Cheat Sheet Mac

class name	Description
`xdd`	A hexadecimal escape sequence - matches the single character whose code point is `0xdd`.
`x{dddd}`	A hexadecimal escape sequence - matches the single character whose code point is `0xdddd`.

Word boundaries

The following escape sequences match the boundaries of words:

class name	Description
`<`	Matches the start of a word.
`>`	Matches the end of a word.
`b`	Matches a word boundary (the start or end of a word).
`B`	Matches only when not at a word boundary.

The title image is taken from here.

Control character explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_character↩︎
There are 14 punctuation marks in English: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/punctuation/what/fourteen-punctuation-marks.html↩︎
For whitespace character, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitespace_character↩︎